The disengagement began with Operation "Yad l'Achim" (Hebrew: מבצע יד לאחים, “Giving brothers a hand"). The armistice with Lebanon was signed on 23 March 1949. Later, Israel launched airstrikes and attacked several sites in Gaza, including a rocket manufacturing facility, underground infrastructure, and a military post belonging to Hamas, the Palestinian movement that controls Gaza. On October 26, the Knesset gave preliminary approval for the plan with 67 for, 45 against, seven abstentions, and one member absent. In Sa-Nur, the synagogue was left intact, but was buried under mounds of sand by bulldozers to prevent its destruction by the Palestinians. [103] A June 17, telephone poll published in Maariv showed 54% of Israel's Jews supporting the plan. Although many settlers chose to leave peacefully, others were forcibly evicted, while some attempted to block buses and clashed with security forces. Most families were expected to receive between US$200,000 and 300,000. By August 2014, unemployment among evacuees had dropped to 18%. However, Israel later decided to leave the border area, which is now controlled by Egypt and the Palestinians, through the PNA. "[115], 2005 removal of Israeli civilians and military from the Gaza Strip. [57], Following Israel's withdrawal, on September 12 Palestinian crowds entered the settlements waving PLO and Hamas flags, firing gunshots into the air and setting off firecrackers, and chanting slogans. Sharon said that his plan was designed to improve Israel's security and international status in the absence of political negotiations to end the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. [46] It was also announced that in the area evacuated in the West Bank the IDF planned to transfer all control (excluding building permits and anti-terrorism) to the PNA – the area will remain "Area C" (full Israeli control) de jure, but "Area A" (full PNA control) de facto. ... "Why do they fire and what are their goals? After the disengagement was completed without violence between Israelis and a sense of unity and pride pervaded society, "the media chose to give Israeli society, and especially its security forces, a pat on the back. There is already a plan of a wall built around Gaza. Joshua devoted them to destruction, along with their cities. 2- ensuring a clear zone of Palestinians scrumbled to Gaza where Israel can hit hard without the fear of retaliation against settlements in Gaza if a revenge was to be taken in action by Islamic militias. The people who were not pardoned as part of this amnesty had either been convicted of crimes that involved endangering human life, and involved the use of explosives or serious violence, or had a previous criminal record. jerusalem S ix hundred ninety rockets or mortars were fired from the Gaza Strip in the last two days, marking the most serious uptick of violence in the past four years. The PA, in the absence of a final peace settlement, has welcomed any military withdrawal from the territories, but many[who?] Another poll commissioned by the Zionist Organization of America, and conducted by McLaughlin & Associates on June 26, 2005 – June 27, 2005, with a sample of 1,000 American adults, showed U.S. opposition to the proposed disengagement. The evacuation of the settlers was completed by August 22, after which demolition crews razed 2,800 houses, community buildings and 26 synagogues. Sharon had a majority for the plan in the government but not within his party. Even after they were attacked and won it in battle.The so called Palestine do have a homeland it is called Jordan. [75] 25 truckloads of produce per diem through that crossing were needed to render the project viable, but only rarely were just 3 truckloads able to obtain transit at the crossing, which however functioned only sporadically, with Israel citing security concerns. 3- It was even considered not only a gesture of peace, but a breakthrough of peace! [42] Two synagogues, whose construction allowed for them to be taken apart and reassembled, were dismantled and rebuilt in Israel. On August 18, Shirat HaYam was evacuated by military and police forces, after infiltrators had been removed and the settlement's speaker system was disabled after settlers used it to call on troops to disobey orders. Searching for “Gaza” on the websites of NBC News, CNN, MSNBC and PBS elicits no relevant results. Peres: Why did Israel leave Gaza? The evacuation by agreement continued after midnight of the August 17 for settlers who requested a time extension for packing their things. "[12] Sharon mentioned the demographic rationale in a public address on August 15, 2005, the day of the disengagement, as follows: "It is no secret that, like many others, I had believed and hoped we could forever hold onto Netzarim and Kfar Darom. Vacating Gazaimmediately dropped millions of Muslims and Christians from thepopulation and increased the Jewish percentage of the overallpopulation significantly - which has an immediate effect in the Isrealigovernment, social programs, and so on. At 8 a.m., a convoy of security forces entered Neve Dekalim and began evacuating residents. By June 2014, about 60% of evacuees were still living in these caravillas. In the past year the number of Palestinian residents in the strip that Israel allowed to leave has dropped sharply. [citation needed], On August 8, 2005, Haaretz quoted a top Palestinian Authority religious cleric, Sheikh Jamal al-Bawatna, the mufti of the Ramallah district, in a fatwa (a religious edict) banning shooting attacks against Israeli security forces and settlements, out of concern they might lead to a postponement of the pullout. [42][58] Hamas leaders held celebratory prayers in Kfar Darom synagogue as mobs continued to ransack and loot synagogues. Israel and Egypt have concluded an agreement under which Egypt can increase the number of police on its side of the border, while the IDF evacuates the Gazan side. Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary-General, commended on August 18, 2005[95] what he called Israeli Prime Minister Sharon's "courageous decision" to carry through with the painful process of disengagement, expressed the hope that "both Palestinians and Israelis will exercise restraint in this challenging period", and "believes that a successful disengagement should be the first step towards a resumption of the peace process, in accordance with the Road Map", referring to the plan sponsored by the diplomatic Quartet – UN, EU, Russia, and the United States – which calls for a series of parallel steps leading to two states living side-by-side in peace by the end of the year. If anything, Israel should attempt to gain more territory in order to ensure survival. Although Sharon was initially opposed to withdrawing from the Philadelphi Route, he relented after legal advisers told him that it was impossible to declare Israel had fully withdrawn from the Gaza Strip so long as it controlled the border with Egypt. Maureen Clare Murphy Rights and Accountability 19 August 2019. By working together, Israelis and Palestinians can lay the groundwork for a peaceful transition.[93]. [72] By early 2006, farmers, faced with the slowness of transit, were forced to dump most of their produce at the crossing where it was eaten by goats. Since Israel's 2005 disengagement, Israel and Hamas have fought three separate wars: in 2006, in 2008-9, and in 2012; Israel invaded Gaza in the first two but only bombed in the third. Brian Cowen, Irish Foreign Minister and speaker of the European Union (EU), announced the EU's disapproval of the plan's limited scope in that it did not address withdrawal from the entire West Bank. "[14], In a November 2003 interview, Ehud Olmert, Sharon's deputy leader, who had been “dropping unilateralist hints for two or three months”, explained his developing policy as follows:[15][16][17], There is no doubt in my mind that very soon the government of Israel is going to have to address the demographic issue with the utmost seriousness and resolve. On August 17, the settlement of Morag was evacuated by 200 police officers. A proposed amendment to submit the plan to a referendum was rejected, 29–72. [49] On September 11, a ceremony was held when the last Israeli flag was lowered in the IDF's Gaza Strip divisional headquarters. Israeli media reported that the deadly strike on Gaza followed the launch of … In 2015 the number of departures (not the number of permit holders, because some people left several times a month) was an average of 14,276 a month. President George W. Bush endorsed the plan as a positive step towards the road map for peace. I urge the Palestinian leadership to accept his offer. The IDF also pulled out its forces in the Gaza Strip, and had withdrawn 95% of its military equipment by September 1. A Palestinian seaport was to be constructed on the Gaza littoral. Number 3 definitely. Except I disagree with you on the legality of Israel's colonies as they are completely legal. Wolfensohn attributed this policy of hindrance to Elliott Abrams. The Gaza Strip, the 140 square mile stretch of land located along the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Israel, has endured decades of protest, military operations and violence as Israel and the Palestinian Authority have both asserted the right to control the area. Those seeking compensation also had to negotiate legal and bureaucratic hurdles. In 2007, a further $125 million was added to the compensation budget. On September 7, the IDF announced that it planned to advance its full withdrawal from the Gaza Strip to September 12, pending cabinet approval. All with a presidential blessing and the ratification of both houses of Congress. Based on Keshev's research, the Israeli print and TV media "relegated to back pages and buried deep in the newscasts, often under misleading headlines" items that "mitigat[ed] the extreme forecasts. Obstacles to movement in the West Bank would be lifted. On August 10, in his first speech before the Knesset following his resignation, Netanyahu spoke of the necessity for Knesset members to oppose the proposed disengagement. Permits for 24–48 hours were given to select visitors for a few weeks before the entire area was completely sealed off to non-residents. Commentators and the press described the rejection of the plan as a blow to Sharon. "[91], The unilateral disengagement plan has been criticized from various viewpoints. [35], Bedouin citizens of Israel from the village of Dahaniya, situated in the no-man's land on the Israel-Gaza Strip border, were evacuated and resettled in Arad. [41] This officially marked the end of the 38-year-long presence of Israeli settlers in the Gaza Strip, though the official handover was planned for several weeks later. Further complications arose from Hamas's election victory in January 2006, and the rift that emerged between Hamas and Fatah. Bernard Avishai states that the Gaza withdrawal was designed to obviate rather than facilitate peace negotiations: Sharon enivisaged at the same time annexing Jerusalem, the Jordan Valley, and the major settlements like Ma'ale Adumim and Ariel which he had in the meantime developed, and thereby isolate Palestinians on the West Bank in territory that constituted less than half of what existed beyond the Green Line. It is a genious plan of Sharon that few picked it up at the initiation. Most of the others were allowed to fall into open areas. On April 8, 2005, Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz said that Israel should consider not demolishing the evacuated buildings in the Gaza Strip, with the exception of synagogues (due to fears of their potential desecration, which eventually did occur),[33] since it would be more costly and time consuming. 271 views On October 11, at the opening of the Knesset winter session, Sharon outlined his plan to start legislation for the disengagement at the beginning of November, and on October 26, the Knesset gave its preliminary approval. Aryeh Yitzhaki defended his home with an M16 rifle, and dozens of settlers barricaded themselves inside or on the roof of his home, with at least four of those on the rooftop being armed. If a referendum were to be held, 58% would vote for the disengagement plan, while 29% would vote against it. The most simple and honest reason is that the Israelis left Gaza because the costs was too high versus the benefits derived from occupation. International bodies, and pressure from James Wolfensohn, Middle East envoy of the Quartet, who gave $500,000 of his own money, offered incentives for the rest to be left to the Palestinians of Gaza. The disengagement was proposed in 2003 by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government in June 2004, and approved by the Knesset in February 2005 as the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law. [81] Many of the permanent settlements under construction were given names reminiscent of the former Gaza settlements. Israel retained control over Gaza's borders, airspace, coastline, infrastructure, power, import-exports, etc. Radicals among them desecrated 4 synagogues as the world's cameras rolled, a sight one observer interprets as demonstrating Sharon's understanding of public relations. [50] All remaining IDF forces left the Gaza Strip in the following hours. One poll commissioned by the Anti-Defamation League, and conducted by the Marttila Communications Group from June 19–23, 2005 among 2200 American adults, found that 71% of respondents felt that the Disengagement Plan is closer to a "bold step that would advance the Peace Process" than to a "capitulation to terrorist violence", while 12% felt that the plan is more of a "capitulation" than a "bold step". Conversely, the disengagement has been criticized by parts of the Israeli left, who viewed it as nothing more than a mode of stalling negotiations and increasing Israeli presence in the West Bank. [citation needed] Their suspicions were further aroused[according to whom?] On August 31, the Knesset voted to withdraw from the Gaza-Egypt border and allow Egyptian deployment of border police along the demilitarized Egyptian side of the border, revising the previously stated intent to maintain Israeli control the border. "It is out of strength and not weakness that we are taking this step", repeating his argument that the disengagement plan has given Israel the diplomatic initiative. Israel has demonstrated that it has the requisite maturity to do what would be required to achieve lasting peace, and the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) has demonstrated their ability to discharge their mission with carefully calibrated restraint. Relatives of Muhammad Abu Namous, one of three Palestinians killed along the Gaza-Israel boundary overnight, mourn during his funeral in Beit Lahiya, northern Gaza, on 18 August. As a result of the passing of the plan (in principle), two National Religious Party (NRP) ministers, Effi Eitam and Yitzhak Levi, resigned, leaving the government with a minority in the Knesset. Ibrahim Gambari, Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, told the Security Council on August 24, 2005:[96]. To alter the swiftly changing demographics of Israel. In Israel, it has been criticized by the settlers themselves, supported by the Israeli right, who saw Ariel Sharon's action as a betrayal of his previous policies of support of settlement. The agreement was approved by the Knesset on August 31. [103] A poll conducted the week of July 17 by the Tel Aviv University Institute for Media, Society, and Politics shows that Israeli approval of the disengagement is at 48%; 43% of the respondents believe that Palestinian terrorism will increase following disengagement, versus 25% who believe that terrorism will decline. The Gush Katif Municipal Council threatened to unilaterally declare independence, citing the Gaza Strip's internationally disputed status and Halacha as a foundation. The peace process is the establishment of a Palestinian state with all the security risks that entails. [56], During the pullout, hundreds of people were arrested for rioting, and criminal charges were filed against 482 of them. However, Europe has given tentative backing to the Disengagement Plan as part of the road map for peace. [citation needed], Under the Revised Disengagement Plan adopted on June 6, 2004, the IDF was to have remained on the Gaza-Egypt border and could have engaged in further house demolitions to widen a 'buffer zone' there (Art 6). There is no … On April 11, 2005, President George W. Bush stated: As part of a final peace settlement, Israel must have secure and recognized borders, which should emerge from negotiations between the parties in accordance with UNSC Resolutions 242 and 338. [52] On September 21, Israel officially declared the Gaza Strip to be an extraterritorial jurisdiction and the four border crossings on the Israel-Gaza border to be international border crossings, with a valid passport or other appropriate travel documents now required to cross through them. On June 6, 2004, Sharon's government approved an amended disengagement plan, but with the reservation that the dismantling of each settlement should be voted separately. There were scenes of troops dragging screaming and sobbing families from houses and synagogues, but with less violence than expected. Opponents of the plan, and some ministers, such as Benjamin Netanyahu and former minister Natan Sharansky, called on Sharon to hold a national referendum to prove that he had a mandate, which he refused to do. When Israel ended the formal occupation of the Gaza Strip and One West Bank settler set herself on fire in front of a Gaza checkpoint, and in Neve Dekalim, a group of fifteen American Orthodox Jews barricaded themselves in a basement and threatened to light themselves on fire.[34]. Some settlers lit their homes on fire as they evacuated so as to leave the Palestinians nothing. [88], In August 2008, a museum of Gush Katif opened in Jerusalem near Machane Yehuda. Settlers who lived in the area for at least two years were eligible for more money. Israel will continue to control Gaza's coastline and airspace and reserves the right to undertake military operations when necessary. The transfer was completed on September 1.[44][45]. Israeli troops began the forced evacuation of thousands of Jewish settlers from the Gaza strip Wednesday after a deadline for them to leave expired last night. "[23][24] At the same time, Shimon Peres, then Vice Prime Minister, stated in an interview that: “We are disengaging from Gaza because of demography”. [77], Under legislation passed by the Knesset, evacuated settlers were to be compensated for the loss of their homes, lands, and businesses. On March 28, the Knesset again rejected a bill to delay the implementation of the disengagement plan by a vote of 72 to 39. [8][9][10], The rationale for the disengagement has been partly attributed to Arnon Soffer’s campaign regarding "the danger the Palestinian womb posed to Israeli democracy. After disengagement: 43%terror will increase, 25% will decline", "Israel News – Online Israeli News Covering Israel & The Jewish World …", "Yesha calls on pullout foes to bring children to Gaza", "Keshev Report: Disconnected - The Israeli Media's Coverage of the Gaza Disengagement", Israel completes Gaza strip, West Bank pull-outs, PM Sharon's Statement on the Day of the Implementation of the Disengagement Plan, Israel's Disengagement Plan: Renewing the Peace Process, Jan 2005.htm Israel's Disengagement Plan: Selected Documents, Ariel Sharon's Disengagement Plan and President Bush's letter accepting it, Map of disengagement plan showing settlements to be evacuated, Pictures of the Mass Prayer Rally against the disengagement plan at the Western Wall in Jerusalem, Pictures of the Mass Rally in Tel Aviv against the disengagement plan, Ariel Sharon's Disengagement Plan – From Ariel Sharon's Life Story – A biography, Beit Hanoun raid / Operation "Forward Shield", United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks, Gaza–Israel clashes / Operation "Returning Echo", Israel–Gaza conflict / Operation "Protective Edge", United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, List of Israeli attacks on the Gaza strip, Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza&oldid=999682196, Former Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Articles with dead external links from November 2019, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles needing additional references from August 2014, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from August 2014, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 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