Eero was the son of the noted architect Eliel Saarinen and Loja Gesellius, a textile designer and sculptor. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. That same year Saarinen married Aline Bernstein Louchheim, an art critic at The New York Times, with whom he had a son, Eames, named after Saarinen's collaborator Charles Eames. Eero Saarinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈeːro ˈsɑːrinen]) (August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish-American architect and industrial designer noted for his neo-futuristic style. The Finnish designer Eero Aarnio (b.1932) is one of the great innovators of modern furniture design. His 1948 prizewinning design for the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (later Gateway Arch National Park) in St. Louis, Missouri, was completed in 1965. He had a close relationship with fellow students Charles and Ray Eames, and became good friends with Florence Knoll (née Schust)… In 1929 Eero studied sculpture at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris, but, as he recounted years later, “it never occurred to me to do anything but follow in my father’s footsteps.” Between 1931 and 1934 he studied architecture at Yale University, where the curriculum was untouched by modern theories. Eero Saarinen's leaded-glass designs are a prominent feature of these buildings throughout the campus. Architect and designer, Eero Saarinen, was born in Finland and immigrated to the US with his family in 1923 when he was thirteen years old. Finding aid for the Eero Saarinen collection, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eero_Saarinen&oldid=1002329307, Modernist architects from the United States, Fellows of the American Institute of Architects, Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, People from Uusimaa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland), Naturalized citizens of the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2016, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with KULTURNAV identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Eero Saarinen's church, bank, and Miller House in, This page was last edited on 23 January 2021, at 22:39. These include the Noyes dormitory at Vassar and Hill College House at the University of Pennsylvania as well as the Ingalls ice rink, Ezra Stiles & Morse Colleges at Yale University, the MIT Chapel and neighboring Kresge Auditorium at MIT and the University of Chicago Law School building and grounds. Saarinen then went on to complete his studies from the prestigious Yale School of Architecture in 1934. His best-known works are the Gateway Arch and the TWA terminal at JFK Airport. Professor of Architectural History, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. In 1948, he won the first prize in the Jefferson National Monument competition. [18] In 1962, he was posthumously awarded a gold medal by the American Institute of Architects. Study in the U.S.A. Aline stayed with the firm while unfinished projects were completed and in 1962 edited the book Eero Saarinen on His Work. [3] He had a close relationship with fellow students Charles and Ray Eames, and became good friends with Florence Knoll (née Schust). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He received the First Honor award of the American Institute of Architects twice, in 1955 and 1956, and their gold medal in 1962. Eero Saarinen was the son of famed Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, who had moved to the United States in 1923. They immigrated to the United States in 1923, when Eero was thirteen. Backed by such excellent credentials and education, when was Eero Saarinen's talent for groundbreaking conceptual design first truly evidenced? When his father died in 1950, Eero Saarinen took over his practice, running it as Saarinen & Associates in Birmingham until 196. This tentlike form recalls the sloping roofs of Shintō shrines (jinja), suggesting an almost religious space for the game of hockey. [5][1] Subsequently, he toured Europe for two years and returned to the United States in 1936 to work in his father's architectural practice. Saarinen is known for designing the Washington Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C., the TWA Flight Center in New York City, and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. From the late 1940s through the 1950s, Eero Saarinen designed many of the most recognizable Knoll pieces, including the Tulip Chairs and Pedestal Tables, the Womb Chair, and the 70 Series Executive Seating Collection. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The old American Embassy London Chancery Building. Saarinen, who was the son of famed architect Eliel Saarinen, moved to America with his family in 1923. [8] In the 1950s he began to receive more commissions from American universities for campus designs and individual buildings. [Aline Saarinen Collection, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.] The Art of Corporate Image-Making. [24] He is buried at White Chapel Memorial Cemetery, in Troy, Michigan. Saarinen first received critical recognition while still working for his father, for a chair designed together with Charles Eames for the Organic Design in Home Furnishings competition in 1940, for which they received first prize. With the success of this project, Saarinen was then invited by other major American corporations such as John Deere, IBM, and CBS to design their new headquarters or other major corporate buildings. For the Yale hockey rink, Saarinen, avoiding the typical field house, achieved a unique and sympathetic sports building. • Eero saarinen’s design of Dulles Airport was centred on how architecture could facilitate the travel experience of the passenger in the new age of jet travel. Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, designed by Eero Saarinen, 1965. Eero Saarinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈeːro ˈsɑːrinen]) (August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish American architect and industrial designer noted for his neo-futuristic style.Saarinen is known for designing the Washington Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C., the TWA Flight Center in New York City, and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. Eero Saarinen worked with interior designer Alexander Girard and landscaper Daniel Kiley to best fulfill the ideas he had in mind for the house and garden. He grew up in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father taught and was dean of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, and he took courses in sculpture and furniture design there. The partial sphere is a “handkerchief ” dome resting on three points. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. A Yale fellowship enabled him to travel to Europe. He was the son of noted Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen. He was exploratory in his thinking and committed to research on every level. Saarinen Family Designs is a project started by members of the Saarinen family for the purposes of contributing to and enhancing the world we live in through education, preservation, and … Many of these projects use catenary curves in their structural designs. The small chapel is a stark red-brick cylinder lighted only from above. His most famous work is the TWA Flight Center, which represents the culmination of his previous designs and his genius for expressing the ultimate purpose of each building, what he called the "style for the job". The GM Technical Center was constructed in 1956, with Saarinen using models, which allowed him to share his ideas with others and gather input from other professionals. One of Saarinen's earliest works to receive international acclaim is the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois (1940). Discover (and save!) Ingalls Hockey Rink, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, designed by Eero Saarinen, 1953–58. THE loss of a creative artist at the height of his productive powers is always a tragedy. Eero Saarinen was, along with Louis Kahn, one of the two great European emigres who would become titans of midcentury American architecture. Despite the overall rational design philosophy, the interiors usually contained dramatic sweeping staircases as well as furniture designed by Saarinen, such as the Pedestal series. Corrections? While to some it proclaimed virtuosity over logic, Saarinen believed that “we must have an emotional reason as well as a logical end for everything we do.” Later Saarinen designed Dulles International Airport (1958–62), outside Washington, D.C., with a hanging roof suspended from diagonal supports. Eero Saarinen was born on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen and his second wife, Louise, on his father's 37th birthday. Saarinen also designed the popular pedestal (tulip) table and chair and the … including a major exhibition and several books. He started studying sculpture in France’s Académie de la Grande Chaumière in 1929. Updates? In 1953 Saarinen began to design the Kresge Auditorium and chapel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, choosing the basic forms of an eighth of a sphere for the auditorium and a cylinder for the chapel. [12][page needed] There has been a surge of interest in Saarinen's work in recent years,[when?] It conveys a sense of ceremony and special place yet also one of delight and ease, qualities that are present in all of Saarinen’s works, whatever their function. He also designed the Embassy of the United States in London, which opened in 1960, and the Embassy of the United States in Oslo. Unfortunately, the design was never executed. He joined his father’s practice in Bloomfield Hills in 1938, and one year later their collaborative design—tranquil yet monumental—for the mall in Washington, D.C., won first prize in the Smithsonian Institution Gallery of Art competition. Author of. In this distinctive and memorable building, Saarinen presented a symbol of flight. This is partly because the Roche and Dinkeloo office has donated its Saarinen archives to Yale University, but also because Saarinen's oeuvre can be said to fit in with present-day concerns about pluralism of styles. The exciting results were welcomed by many who were bored by the uniformity and austerity of the International Style of modern architecture. In 1962, Saarinen first appeared on television, discussing art. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [citation needed], One of his best-known thin-shell concrete structures in America is the Kresge Auditorium at MIT. He largely initiated a trend, however, toward exploration and experiment in design—a trend that departed from the doctrinaire rectangular prisms that were characteristic of the earlier phase of modern architecture. Saarinen served on the jury for the Sydney Opera House commission in 1957 and was crucial in the selection of the now internationally known design by Jørn Utzon. His father's firm was Saarinen, Swansen and Associates, headed by Eliel Saarinen and Robert Swansen from the late 1930s until Eliel's death in 1950. [19], In 1940, he received two first prizes together with Charles Eames in the furniture design competition of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. While some critics felt that the solutions were forced and arbitrary, these buildings indicated the search Saarinen had begun for significant and identifying character in public buildings. Eero died suddenly in 1961. The son of famous Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, Eero Saarinen grew up in Michigan where his father served as the dean of the Cranbrook Academy of Art. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eero-Saarinen, The Cultural Landscape Foundation - Biography of Eero Saarinen, National Park Service - Architect Eero Saarinen. [21], Saarinen married sculptor Lilian Swann in 1939, with whom he had two children, Eric and Susan. In 1948 Saarinen created a womblike chair using a glass fibre shell upholstered in foam rubber and fabric. [4], Saarinen began studies in sculpture at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris, France, in September 1929. Omissions? The exhibition toured in Europe and the United States from 2006 to 2010,[31] including a stint at the National Building Museum in Washington, DC. [17] He was elected a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1954. His last furniture designs comprised a series of pedestal-based chairs and tables (1957) that combined a sculptural aluminum base with plastic shells for the chairs and discs of marble or plastic for the table tops. The firm was located in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, until 1961 when the practice was moved to Hamden, Connecticut. Early life and education. The first major work by Saarinen, in collaboration with his father, was the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan, which follows the rationalist design Miesian style, incorporating steel and glass but with the addition of accent of panels in two shades of blue. EERO SAARINEN • Eero saarinen was born in 1910,in Finland. Learn more about quality higher-education opportunities in the U.S. that you will not find anywhere else in the world. American Masters: Eero Saarinen: The Architect Who Saw the Future DVD,Explore the life of Finnish-American modernist architectural giant Eero Saarinen (1910-1961), whose visionary buildings include National Historic Landmarks such as St. Louis' iconic Gateway Arch and the General Motors Technical Center in Michigan. The Classics Saarinen Collection. In 1940 Eero and his father designed Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois, which influenced postwar school design, being a one-story structure generously extended in plan and suitably scaled for primary-grade children. Eero Saarinen, son of architect Eliel Saarinen, pioneered the concept of the corporate campus when he designed the 25-building General Motors Technical Center on the outskirts of Detroit. [10] Saarinen's plan A Foundation for Learning: Planning the Campus of Brandeis University (1949; second edition 1951), developed with Matthew Nowicki, called for a central academic complex surrounded by residential quadrangles along a peripheral road. Eero Saarinen worked with his father for many years (1938 to 1950) and owes a lot of his initial knowledge about architecture to his upbringing, but he didn't stay in his father's shadow for long. He grew up in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father taught and was dean of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, and he took courses in sculpture and furniture design there. Designed by Eliel Saarinen’s son Eero, the General Motors Technical Center (1948–56) at Warren, Michigan, was compared with Versailles in its extent, grandeur, and rigorous conformity to an austere, geometric aesthetic of Miesian forms. The precision and modular rhythm of the low buildings recall the designs of the German-born American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as well as the early automobile factories of the U.S. architect Albert Kahn. [12][page needed] In 2019 the terminal was transformed into the TWA Hotel.[13][14][15]. Born in Finland on August 20, 1910, Eero Saarinen was a famous architect and industrial designer of the 20th century. They immigrated to the United States in 1923, when Eero was thirteen. After his father's death in July 1950, Saarinen founded his own architect's office, Eero Saarinen and Associates. [11][10] These have all been either demolished or extensively remodeled. Strips of planted forest rimmed the 320-acre (130-hectare) site. His father, Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950), was also an architect and the founding director of the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan. Saarinen’s effort was primarily concerned with institutional buildings for education and industry. He then went on to study at the Yale School of Architecture , … Save this picture! Saarinen designed the Kleinhans Music Hall in Buffalo, New York, together with his father, Eliel Saarinen. By the time he was in his teens, Eero was helping his father design furniture and fixtures for the Cranbrook campus. All of these designs were highly successful except for the Grasshopper lounge chair, which, although in production through 1965, was not a big success. Saarinen’s technical solution of the curtain wall (metal panels and glass set in aluminum frames) was widely copied. Education & Culture. The auditorium is arranged entirely within this dramatically simple form. Eero Saarinen also took up a teaching appointment at the Cranbrook Academy in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, of which Eliel Saarinen had been head since the Academy was founded in 1932. In the 11 years that he survived his father, Saarinen’s own work included a series of dramatically different designs that displayed a richer and more diverse vocabulary. In 2006, the bulk of these primary source documents on the couple were digitized and posted online on the Archives' website. He was criticized in his own time—most vociferously by Yale's Vincent Scully—for having no identifiable style; one explanation for this is that Saarinen's vision was adapted to each individual client and project, which were never exactly the same. In 1956 two such works were initiated that can be considered representative: Ingalls Hockey Rink at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut (1958), and the Trans World Airlines (TWA) terminal at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City (1956–62). [30], An exhibition of Saarinen's work, Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future, was organized by the Finnish Cultural Institute in New York in collaboration with Yale School of Architecture, the National Building Museum, and the Museum of Finnish Architecture. [32] The exhibition was accompanied by the book Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future. The curvilinear forms of his furniture designs paralleled his growing interest in sculptural architectural forms. Pedestal (tulip) table and chairs designed by Eero Saarinen, 1957. This marriage ended in divorce in 1953, and Saarinen was remarried the following year to Aline Bernstein Loucheim, an art critic. Eero Saarinen was born on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen and his second wife, Louise, on his father's 37th birthday. It exhibits imaginative sculptural use of reinforced concrete. From a lengthwise curved spine in reinforced concrete, he suspended cables to anchors on the oval periphery. [12][page needed], Eero Saarinen was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1952. [1][2] He grew up in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father taught and was dean of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, and he took courses in sculpture and furniture design there. Eero Saarinen, born in 1910 in Kirkkonummi, Finland, as the son of the architect Eliel Saarinen, studied sculpture in 1929 and 1930 at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris before studying architecture at Yale University in New Haven until 1934. Eliel Saarinen, in full Eliel Gottlieb Saarinen, (born August 20, 1873, Rantasalmi, Finland—died July 1, 1950, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, U.S.), one of the foremost architects and urban planners of his generation in Finland before moving to the United States, where he influenced modern architecture, particularly skyscraper and church design. Both were born in areas around the Baltic Sea that, at the time of their births, were technically part of Russia, though Saarinen's family was decidedly Finnish (Finland became independent of Russia during the 1917 Russian Revolution), and both immigrated to the United States as childr… [16] Saarinen worked full-time for the OSS until 1944. His wish that a building make an expressive statement established new horizons for modern architecture. Both were completed in 1955. He had three children. Eero Saarinen was born on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen and his second wife, Louise, on his father's 37th birthday. The memorial wasn't completed until the 1960s. [4] He then went on to study at the Yale School of Architecture, completing his studies in 1934. The firm carried out many of its most important works, including the Bell Labs Holmdel Complex in Holmdel Township, New Jersey; Gateway Arch National Park (including the Gateway Arch) in St. Louis, Missouri; the Miller House in Columbus, Indiana; the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport, which he worked on with Charles J. Parise; the main terminal of Washington Dulles International Airport; and the new East Air Terminal of the old Athens airport in Greece, which opened in 1967. Born to world famous architect and Cranbrook Academy of Art Director Eliel Saarinen and textile artist Loja Saarinen, Eero Saarinen was surrounded by design his whole life. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future is organized by the Finnish Cultural Institute in New York, The Museum of Finnish Architecture, Helsinki, and the National Building Museum, Washington, D.C., with the support of the Yale University School of Architecture. The Tulip chair, like all other Saarinen chairs, was taken into production by the Knoll furniture company, founded by Hans Knoll, who married Saarinen family friend Florence (Schust) Knoll. North Christian Church, Columbus, Indiana, designed by Eero Saarinen, 1964. After his tour of Europe and North Africa, Saarinen returned to Cranbrook to work for his father and teach at the academy. [5], In 1940 Saarinen became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[6]. Saarinen was assigned to draw illustrations for bomb disassembly manuals and to provide designs for the Situation Room in the White House. During his long association with Knoll he designed many important pieces of furniture, including the Grasshopper lounge chair and ottoman (1946), the Womb chair and ottoman (1948),[7] the Womb settee (1950), side and arm chairs (1948–1950), and his most famous Tulip or Pedestal group (1956), which featured side and arm chairs, dining, coffee and side tables, as well as a stool. When the committee sent out the letter stating Saarinen had won the competition, it was mistakenly addressed to his father. Like many contemporary architects, Saarinen was challenged by furniture design, especially the chair, which presents aesthetical and structural problems that are particularly difficult to solve. The Harrison and Abramovitz’s tower for the Aluminum Company of America at Pittsburgh (1954) advertised its…, …he collaborated with the architect-designer. [10] Saarinen did build a few residential structures on the campus, including Ridgewood Quadrangle (1950), Sherman Student Center (1952) and Shapiro Dormitory at Hamilton Quadrangle (1952). When the congregation sought to complement the sanctuary with an education building, they looked to Eliel’s son, Eero Saarinen. He was the principal partner from 1950 until his death. When Eero Saarinen died suddenly of a brain tumor on September 1, 1961, he had already become, at the age of only fifty-one, one of the most successful architects in the United States. Eero Saarinen, c. 1958. [20], Saarinen became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1940. Saarinen is best known for designing the Washington Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C., the TWA Flight Center in New York City, and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1941 he and the designer-architect Charles Eames won a national furniture award for a chair design in molded plywood. Television. 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