[70] While welcoming the debut of its contributor, Parnassian-Neoclassicist novelist and poet Duiliu Zamfirescu,[66] Macedonski repeatedly attacked its main exponent, the conservative poet Eminescu, claiming not to understand his poetry. According to Vianu (Vol.II, p.355), Anghelescu, p.10; Vianu, Vol.II, p.351, 452, Călinescu, p.519; Sandqvist, p.197; Vianu, Vol.II, p.351, 361, Anghelescu, p.10; Ornea, p.304-305; Vianu, Vol.I, p.54; Vol.II, p.356, Anghelescu, p.16; Perpessicius, p.246; Ornea, p.304, Anghelescu, p.10; Călinescu, p.296; Vianu, Vol.II, p.350-352, Anghelescu, p.10; Călinescu, p.296; Vianu, Vol.II, p.351-352, Călinescu, p.316; Vianu, Vol.II, p.352-353. [188] It was also in 1914 that Macedonski commissioned for print his very first rondels and completed work on a tragedy play about Renaissance poet Dante Aligheri—known as La Mort de Dante in its French original, and Moartea lui Dante in the secondary Romanian version (both meaning "Dante's Death"). [202] During summer, Macedonski also joined the group of public figures who saluted the senior Conservative Germanophile Petre P. Carp (deeming Carp "the veteran of character, honesty and Romanianism"), and, in September, joined Ioan Slavici and Gala Galaction as a contributor to the occupation magazine Rumänien in Wort und Bild, where he prophesied an anti-French "political renaissance" of Romania. [345] Iorga, who became better known as a historian, later retracted some of the statements he had made against the poet during the 1890s. [255] Likewise, his verse comedy Iadeș! "[57], By 1879, the poet, who continued to voice criticism of Carol, had several times switched sides between the National Liberals and the opposition Conservatives. "[318] According to Vianu, the book builds on Macedonski's earlier themes, replacing Naturalist observation with a metaphysical speculation about idealism. [350], Macedonski's cosmopolitan circle was the center of a literary alternative to the prevailing conservatism and Eminescu-like traditionalism of the day, the latter tendency being grouped around Sămănătorul magazine for part of Macedonski's lifetime. Hieroglyphic Press: West Sussex: 2012: First English language edition, Hardcover, Limited, Fine in Fine dust jacket, 140 pp. [126][317], In her review for Mercure de France, novelist Rachilde argued: "Very difficult to read, entirely developed in Symbolist manner [and] almost impossible to recount, obviously written in French but nevertheless obviously conceived by a Romanian (and what a spirited Romanian!). [239], During his time at Oltul (1873–1875), Macedonski published a series of poems, most of which were not featured in definitive editions of his work. [35] At around that time, Macedonski had allegedly begun courting actress Aristizza Romanescu, who rejected his advances, leaving him unenthusiastic about love matters and unwilling to seek female company. 14, 1854, in Bucharest; died there Nov. 24, 1920. In 1882, he wrote about progression in one's career: "We are all poets at birth, but only those who shape themselves through study will become poets. [204] Macedonski also envisaged running in the 1918 election for a seat in the new Parliament (which was supposed to vote a document to replace the 1866 Constitution as the organic law), but never registered his candidature. [395] In 2006, the Romanian Academy granted posthumous membership to Alexandru Macedonski. Download PDF Package. For other persons of the same name, see, Portrayals, visual tributes and landmarks, Călinescu, p.517; Vianu, Vol.II, p.333-334, Anghelescu, p.8; Călinescu, p.517, 518; Vianu, Vol.II, p.334-338, Călinescu, p.517-518, 519; Vianu, Vol.II, p.330, 338-339, Vianu, Vol.II, p.339. [78] He consequently attended the Junimea sessions, and gave a public reading of Noaptea de noiembrie ("November Night"), the first publicized piece in his lifelong Nights cycle. II, p.373-376, Cioculescu, p.140; Vianu, Vol. Download Free PDF. [228], While Macedonski also discarded the concept of "social poetry" not long after postulating it, its spirit, Tudor Vianu believes, can still be found in his later contributions. ("Wishbone! [393] In neighboring Moldova, Macedonski influenced the Neosymbolism of Aureliu Busuioc. [147] This he did by hosting the articles of aspiring journalist Constantin Al. Forgiveness! Petrescu-Găină", in, "Alexandru Macedonski - 150 de ani de la naștere", "Scriitorii români și narcoticele (2). According to Vianu, the court also ruled out that Macedonski's arrest had been rendered void by the, Anghelescu, p.9; Călinescu, p.519; Vianu, Vol.II, p.347, Anghelescu, p.9; Vianu, Vol.II, p.349-350, Călinescu, p.515-516, 523; Vianu, Vol.II, p.343, 351, Anghelescu, p.10; Călinescu, p.529; Vianu, Vol.II, p.351, Anghelescu, p.10; Călinescu, p.519; Sandqvist, p.197. With his eyes as small as those of mice, Born in Bucharest, Macedonski-son was the third of four siblings, the oldest of whom was a daughter, Caterina. [24][109] He became opposed to Carol I, who, in 1881, had been granted the Crown of the Romanian Kingdom. [182] By then, Macedonski was rewarding his followers' poems with false gemstones. [50] This disenchantment led him into a brief conflict with the young liberal figure Bonifaciu Florescu, only to join him soon afterward in editing Stindardul journal, alongside Pantazi Ghica and George Fălcoianu. From the sublime to the trivial, that is what it should be. [120], His literary thesis of the time was titled Poezia viitorului ("The Poetry of the Future"). [401] Alongside other writers who visited Terasa Oteteleșanu, Macedonski was notably portrayed the drawings of celebrated Romanian artist Iosif Iser. [3] In 1919, Theodor Burcă was also inspired to complete another bust, and, during World War II, was commissioned by Mayor of Bucharest Ioan Rășcanu to build a Macedonski Monument in the Grădina Icoanei park, but this was never completed. [122] Such an experimental approach was soon after parodied and ridiculed by Ion Luca Caragiale, who had by then affiliated and parted with Junimea, in his new Moftul Român magazine. [332] Oceania-Pacific-Dreadnought is noted for anticipating television, the ship being equipped with electrically-operated "large and clear mirrors" that display "images from various parts of the Earth". [257], With the first poems in his Nights cycle, Macedonski still showed his allegiance to Romanticism, and in particular to Alphonse de Lamartine,[239] and the supposed inventor of this theme, Alfred de Musset. Alexandru Macedonski tends to be quite adaptable, and he finds it easy to fit into most social set ups and vocational fields. Cernat, p.17. Entirely written by him,[192] it published ten consecutive issues before going bankrupt, and notably lashed out against France for being "bourgeois" and "lawyer-filled", demanding from Romania not to get involved in the conflict. [155], In his article of 1903, titled Spre ocultism. [344] Especially radical pronouncements were left by the traditionalist authors Ilarie Chendi and Nicolae Iorga. [5] Dimitrie married Zoe, the daughter an ethnic Russian or Polish officer; their son, the Russian-educated Alexandru, climbed in the military and political hierarchy, joining the unified Land Forces after his political ally, Alexander John Cuza, was elected Domnitor and the two Danubian Principalities became united Romania. [51], The new cabinet eventually appointed him Prefect of Bolgrad region, in the Budjak (at the time part of Romania). This, the critic notes, was owed to his "social temperament", whose "fundamental experience is that of the social. It was through this venue that he began responding to Ion Luca Caragiale's earlier attacks. "[236] Proof of his combativeness was still to be found in Rondelul contimporanilor ("The Rondel of the Contemporaries"). Download PDF. [358], Many of Macedonski's most devoted disciples, whom he himself had encouraged, have been rated by various critics as secondary or mediocre. How to say Alexandru in English? "[277] On one occasion, the poet defended himself against criticism, noting that the epigram had not been specifically addressed to Eminescu, but had been labeled as such by the press, and claiming to have authored it years before its Literatorul edition. [82] It was ignited when, through Macedonski's articles, Literatorul criticized Alecsandri for accepting Romanian Academy prizes despite being its member,[83] and later involved Sion (whose replies on behalf of the Academy were derided by Macedonski). It ended only under the rule of Carol I, Cuza's Hohenzollern successor, when Parliament voted against increasing the sum to the level demanded by its recipient. These stories, most of which were eventually collected in Cartea de aur, include memoirs of his childhood in the Amaradia region, nostalgic portrayals of the Oltenian boyar environment, idealized depictions of Cuza's reign, as well as a retrospective view on the end of Rom slavery (found in his piece Verigă țiganul, "Verigă the Gypsy"). [383] In the same post-Symbolist generation, Celarianu (Macedonski's posthumous son-in-law),[366] George Bacovia[24][384] and Păstorel Teodoreanu[231][385] also built on Macedonski's legacy, being later joined in this by the Bessarabian linguist Eugenio Coșeriu (who, in his early poetic career, imitated Macedonski's rondel style). The poet's paternal family had arrived in Wallachia during the early 19th century. [24][351] While Macedonski himself maintained his links with Romanticism and Classicism, commentators have retrospectively recognized in him the main person who announced Romania's first wave in modernist literature. [201] Soon after reading the piece, Romanian Academy member and fellow Symbolist promoter Ovid Densusianu withdrew his own nomination of Macedonski for an Academy seat. [374] The latter was particularly indebted to Macedonski in matters of vision and language. [148] According to Vianu, Macedonski had no prior knowledge of the fraud, but had also been "blinded" by his resentments instead of displaying "discernment", and had even showed evidence of "insanity". [107] His collaboration with La Wallonie alongside Albert Mockel, Tudor Vianu believes, makes Alexandru Macedonski one in the original wave of European Symbolists. "[161] The volume was nonetheless favorably reviewed by the prestigious magazines Mercure de France and Gil Blas. Romanian Poetry - George Cosbuc - Poezii Românesti. [228], In Vianu's perspective, Macedonski's stance is dominated by a mixture of nostalgia, sensuality, lugubrious-grotesque imagery, and "the lack of bashfulness for antisocial sentiments" which compliments his sarcasm. Paraphrased by Sandqvist, p.197, 199. [90], In the meantime, Macedonski published his own play, which had Cuza for its main character and was eponymously titled Cuza-Vodă,[75] and completed translations for Literatorul—from Maurice Rollinat, whom he helped impose as a main cultural reference in Romanian Symbolism, and from the Greek poet Akhillefs Paraskhos. Unlike patients with dissociative identity disorder, Dorval does not actually imagine his life has become Napoleon's, but rather joins with him on an intellectual level. [221], The writer's belief in the effects of sheer willpower, notably present in his comments on esoteric subjects, was itself a defining characteristic of his perspective on literature. [3][376] However, he remained indebted to Macedonski's example in his descriptive prose. Included in the volume Singur între poeți ("Alone among Poets"), it is seen by critic Mircea Scarlat as Sorescu's most representative such pieces. [114] The poet attempted to establish other magazines, all of them short-lived, and, in 1887, handed for print his Naturalist novella Dramă banală ("Banal Drama")[115] while completing one of the most revered episodes in the Nights series, Noaptea de mai ("May Night"). Alexis was drafted and became a war artist,[195] but Macedonski Sr, who received formal protection from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest,[196] chose to stay behind while the authorities and many ordinary citizens relocated to Iași, where resistance was still being organized. Iar el e emirul, și toate le are.[243]. Din tejghea făcând tribună, legiune de coțcari, Alexandru Macedonski translation in German - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'Alexandrit',Alexandrien',Alexandriner',Albaner', examples, definition, conjugation [273] Around the time of its completion, Macedonski was also working on a similarly loose adaptation of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, which notably had the two protagonists die in each other's arms. [156], Macedonski's eldest son Alexis continued to pursue a career as a painter. [89] At the other end of the political and cultural spectrum, Macedonski faced opposition from the intellectuals attracted to socialism, in particular Contemporanul editors Constantin Mille and Ioan Nădejde, with whom he was engaged in an extended polemic. [116] Also in 1886, he worked on his other Naturalist novellas: Zi de august ("August Day"), Pe drum de poștă ("On the Stagecoach Trail"), Din carnetul unui dezertor ("From the Notebook of a Deserter"), Între cotețe ("Amidst Hen Houses") and the eponymous Nicu Dereanu. Macedonski și 'literatura stupefiantelor' ", "Islamul la noi acasă. [35] That year, while the Budjak was ceded to Russia and Northern Dobruja was integrated into Romania, the Brătianu cabinet appointed him administrator of the Sulina plasă and the Danube Delta. Skip to main content.ca Hello, Sign in. At the time, Russian volunteers were amassed on the Budjak border, requesting from the Romanian authorities the right of free passage into the Principality of Serbia. [301] Anghelescu reads it as a "meditation on disillusionment that culminates in a vitality-laden exhortation of action. [187] At a French Red Cross conference in September, Macedonski paid his final public homage to France, which had just become entangled in World War I. "), completed in 1919 and published the following year. [76], In 1881, Macedonski published a new collection of poetry. [6] Both the officer's uncle Pavel[2] and brother Mihail[7] were amateur poets. [378] A co-founder of Dadaism during the late 1910s, Tristan Tzara is believed by Swedish researcher Tom Sandqvist to have been inspired more or less directly by Macedonski, and in particular by the latter's thoughts on the relation between absurdity and poetry. At that stage, he was especially inspired by Lord Byron, whom Vianu calls "the sovereign poet of [Macedonski's] youth. Reflecting back on this period in 1892, Macedonski described Caragiale as a "noisy young man" of "sophistic reasoning", whose target audience was to be found in "beer gardens". [62] Florescu parted with the group soon after, due to a disagreement with Macedonski, and was later attacked by the latter for allegedly accumulating academic posts. was going to be staged in France, especially after he received some encouragement in the form of articles in Mercure de France and Journal des Débats, but was confronted with the general public's indifference. [79] It reportedly earned him the praise of historian and poet Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, who, although an anti-Junimist, happened to be in the audience. Macedonia's name in this present from pronounced Mátsedonia might have first been called so after a town or region belonging to the sons of Anapatellawa called in the Byble as Atsedawa-Ma . I derided the sacred mysteries II, p.377. ("The Madman? [167] During the 1910s, busts of him were completed by two sculptors, Alexandru Severin and Friedrich Storck, one of Storck's variants being hosted by the Ioan Cantacuzino collection. [24][160] Part of this involved Macedonski sending his book to be reviewed by Émile Faguet, Jean Mounet-Sully, Joséphin Péladan, Pierre Quillard and Jean Richepin, who replied with what Vianu deems "the politeness of circumstance. 27th September 2011; EgoPHobia; critică; 4 Comments; Costina Violeta Miron . [46] In contrast to this series, some of the pieces written during Macedonski's time in the Budjak and Northern Dobruja display a detachment from contemporary themes. II, p.441-442; Suciu, p.106-107, Răileanu & Carassou, p.152; Sandqvist, p.199; Vianu, Vol. [403] In 1975, a bust of Macedonski, the work of Constantin Foamete, was unveiled in Craiova.[3]. [24][168] He was actively seeking to establish his reputation in French theater, reading his new play to a circle which included Louis de Gonzague Frick and Florian-Parmentier, while, at home, newspapers reported rumors that his work was going to be staged by Sarah Bernhardt's company. Am râs de sfintele mistere See also Boia, p.190, 245, Vianu, Vol.II, p.362-363, 365, 366-367, 371-372, 376, Călinescu, p.516, 520; Vianu, Vol.II, p.363, Anghelescu, p.11; Cioculescu, p.63; Răileanu & Carassou, p.152; Sandqvist, p.199, 382; Suciu, p.109-110; Vianu, Vol.II, p.366, Călinescu, p.525-526; Vianu, Vol.II, p.365, 414-418. is seen by Vianu as comparable in subject matter and depth to Enrico IV, a celebrated 1922 play by Luigi Pirandello. II, p.376-377, Vianu, Vol. [207] By that stage, Vianu recalls, Macedonski also had problems coming to terms with his age. [118] In 1894, he would speak in front of student crowds gathered at a political rally in University Square, and soon after made himself known for supporting the cause of ethnic Romanians and other underrepresented groups of Austria-Hungary. 10 was translated into French by the Journal des Débats, whose editors reportedly found it picturesque. [268] The former has for a protagonist Pandele Vergea, a thirty-five-year-old man who is consumed by an avicultural obsession, who dreams of turning into a bird, and who is eventually maimed by his overcrowded fowls. PDF. Vianu, Vol.II, p.353-355. See also Vida, p.55, Anghelescu, p.11; Cioculescu, p.63-64, 67, 134; Vianu, Vol.II, p.366, 373, Anghelescu, p.11, 12; Vianu, Vol.II, p.364, 367-368, Anghelescu, p.11; Călinescu, p.808; Cernat, p.8, 29; Vianu, Vol.II, p.368-369; Vol.III, p.280, 476-478, Anghelescu, p.11; Vianu, Vol.II, p.368-369, 371, Boia, p.190-191, 245; Cernat, p.12, 42; Vianu, Vol.II, p.369-370. Thalassa and Caliope fall in love, but are mysteriously unable to seal their union through sexual intercourse: the boy attributes this failure to the "curse" of human individuality. The stylistic stages of his career are reflected in the collections Prima verba, Poezii, and Excelsior, as well as in the fantasy novel Thalassa, Le Calvaire de feu. [311] Vianu indicates the connection, but adds: "Macedonski descended, through memory, in the world of the village, with the tremor of regret for the peace and plenty of the old settlements, so well polished that each person, landowner as well as peasant, lived within a framework that nature itself seemed to have granted. His stance was interpreted as collaborationism by his critics. [260] Macedonski identifies with his hero, Dante Aligheri, and formulates his own poetic testament while identifying World War I Romania with the medieval Republic of Florence. Călinescu writes that, by then, Macedonski was "obsessed" with the Divine Comedy. [50] Ghica and Macedonski remained close friends until Ghica's 1882 death. Soare's short career ended in 1928, before he turned nineteen, but his works have been featured in several retrospective exhibitions, including one organized by Alexis. [57][307] While Mircea Anghelescu comments that Macedonski illustrates "unusual tension" by rigorously amplifying references to the color red, seen as a symbol of suffering,[308] Călinescu notes that the sequence of lyrics has a studied "delirious" element, and illustrates this with the quote: Și el e emirul, și toate le are... II, p.445, Răileanu & Carassou, p.152; Sandqvist, p.199. [25] He was however opposed to the lifestyle choices of people his age, claiming that they were engaged in "orgy after orgy". [28] The landscape there inspired him to write an ode. Cernat gives the date as 1909, while Sandqvist mentions 1895 and 1899. [202] Confined to his home by illness and old age, Macedonski was still writing poems, some of which later known as his Ultima verba ("Last Words"). Le poète, à lui seul, assure le passage du romantisme au symbolisme et au dernières expériences poétiques, tout en revendiquant le statut de pionnier européen du vers libre. 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